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Imagine your city was built entirely out of snow and ice that could withstand any impact, even a 9.0 earthquake. You probably wouldn't want to live there. But what if it were designed and built with the help of white-haired elves? The residents would still be unable to walk outside without shoes or gloves. They might not be able to eat food grown in the city, as there's no sunlight for plants to grow in the magical wonderland (and all those foods would spoil quickly). Even though they'd be living in a huge skyscraper, they wouldn't be able to find each other. And if the elves couldn't give them any tools to use, how would they ever build another building? Artificial Stair Case The answer is, of course—they'd build artificial stairs. Those are called "stepstools" in the U.S., "lanteriinars" in Finland, and "Statui di scalino" in Italian. If you looked carefully at the buildings of Helsinki, Rome, or Tokyo today, you'd see that most of their staircases are full of steps that can only go up or down. Some of them can rotate to be used as elevators, but they're not very practical. A stepstool with a flexible surface would be terrific though. You could use it as a ramp or a stairway, and you could even slide it sideways to make an elevator. Imagine living in a huge skyscraper with no elevators! But what if the building were full of ice and snow? Instead of using normal stairs and elevators, the residents would need tools like stepladders and ladders. They'd also need giant, super-strong stilts to walk around the city—or more accurately, around their apartment. This is why stepstools are also called "stilts" in many cities. For the sake of efficiency, stepstools should probably attach to walls—which is why all of them have an area below the step for attaching to the wall. If you're building a complex full of walkways, you could also use things like floor-to-ceiling plates or rails to create staircases that connect different floors or balconies. But if you're just one guy living in a simple apartment, you'd need something more personal. Sometimes it's easier to just build stairs that go straight up and down instead of sideways. This is also called a "ladder. It's long, it's narrow, and it's made of wood. If you're an elf who absolutely hates using modern tools, there are plenty of other ways to get around. You could use a rope ladder to climb up the side of your house…or you could just hang from the ceiling by your legs. You could even try climbing steps made out of ice! If you've ever used ice skates, you'll know that it's not easy to walk on them—because they don't have any spikes or shoes attached. You can't dig into the ice with your toes either, because your shoes are slippery. eccc085e13
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